Install
a charging point for electric vehicles in the community or private
garage
In the case of having a garage for the car, two
things can happen: we have a garage in a house, and being so very probably
already has some plug in the garage, or that we have a garage or parking space
in a community garage, with more neighbors, which tends to be the most common
in Spain. In this case almost no garage has connectors, if any, is from the community.
It should be borne in mind that with a
conventional electricity plug, domestic type, 16 A, you can recharge an
electric car. This type of plug is for what has come to be known as occasional
recharge (which is usually limited to 10 to and about 2.3 kW of power). The
most relevant in this case is that the installation of ground contact of the
line that feeds this plug is properly installed.
Community
Garage:
You
only have to inform the community
In the case of a carport or garage in a collective
garage installation is a bit complicated, but don't be afraid. As we are
talking about having to perform an installation on a common element that is
shared with other owners, we cannot act without more, or do whatever we want.
To install a charging point in a community garage,
only it is necessary to inform in writing to the President or
administration of estates like us gestifinc AF. But it's not worth it in
any way.
(The Horizontal Property Law was amended to
simplify and facilitate the installation. The 23 of November of 2009 was
published in the Official State Gazette number 283 the ACT Government Purchase
19/2009, of confidence-building measures and procedural streamlining of the car
and the energy efficiency of buildings, and in its article 17.5 modifies the
Horizontal Property Law so that you do not have to submit the installation to
the adoption of a board of owners.)
You just have to tell you in writing, in an
official manner, the president of the community or administrator of the estate,
that is going to perform the installation, and save a copy of the document with
time and date stamp or signature.
In
compliance with the supplementary technical
instruction of the electrotenico of low voltage regulation (REBT), the ITC-BT-52,
which regulates the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles.
a) From our counter
If the garage is in the same building in which we
live, the most reasonable thing to do is to make a referral of our individual
electrical installation up to the garage, using the same power supply contract
of the dwelling. Here there are two options, or carried out from the meter
itself of our electricity supply, or carried out from the general control and
protection of our home.
The advantage of the first option is that normally
the centralization of counters are located on the ground zero, and how the
garage spaces are usually on the ground zero or in basement, the distance from
the counter to the point of recharge will be lower, and the cost of the
installation will also be something minor, having to spend less meters of
cable. This option requires electrical meter digital or electronic.
The advantage of the second option is that you can
have a direct control of the line that feeds the point of recharge from the
dwelling itself, since it would be installed there the automatic switch and the
differential switch, or even a small counter, programr, etc. The downside is
that the more high is our housing, more meters of cable will be needed to reach
the point of recharge.
In principle for a normal charging point, or slow
recharge, and about 3.6 to 16 kW of power, it is not necessary to hire a
specific supply, with a second contract and a second fixed fee, although it
could also be done according to the circumstances.
In fact, many times it will not be necessary or
even increase the contracted power that we have in our housing, although this
will depend a little of each case. If you look at that degree of electrification
has housing, because what we are doing is an extension of the existing
installation. The electrician is already pending. The final cost of the
installation, in this case, you can be between 800 and 1600
euros.
Not all over the world, in particular certain
electrical companies, defends the possibility of installation by deriving from
the counter of the user. We will see how is definitely the ITC. Now finds
himself in a somewhat legal in certain autonomous communities.
b) From the counter of the
garage
If the garage is not in the same building in which
we live, or if it is not possible to perform the derivation from the user's own
counter, because the law does not allow it, or because it is very difficult
technically, for issues related to the building, you can make the referral from
the electric meter's own garage.
Beyond this difference, the installation does not
change just with the lead from the meter itself. It is essential to a counter
in the lead that will serve for the community of owners of the garage copper to
the user the electricity they consume their point of recharge, and have, for
example, with the share of the Community.
In this case obviously is not only sufficient to
inform the community of owners, but that requires APPROVAL OF THE COMMUNITY.
It is desirable to make it clear that it is not
worth 'catch' electricity from a power line that goes to the side of
our garage, making a connection or direct derivation. You have to make a new
circuit with its own line, specific to the point of recharge. This is
particularly so as a matter of security and control, and to prevent overloading
a circuit that already exists.
c) With a new supply
In this case, the installation of the power line
to the point of recharge deriving from an existing counter, either from the
user, either in the garage, but hires a new power supply, with the fixed cost
monthly or bimonthly, and main counter with your own.
C.1)
in house:
That is to say, with this solution we would have a
contract for the electricity of the house, with their corresponding recurring
invoices, and also have a contract for electricity from the point of recharge,
in turn with their corresponding invoices. That is to say, it is a solution
more expensive for the user.
C.2)
in community garage: (requires authorization of the Board)
There are a couple of variations of this system:
The first is the Load Manager. Rather than your
own user costee installation, and pay the electric company for the supply and
consumption, you can do so through a load manager, which is a company that,
without being a power company, deals with solutions of recharging electric
vehicles and can resell electricity.
In this case the installation, with the new supply
and counter, as well as the own point of recharge, is paid by the Load Manager,
and then monthly user pays to the load manager what has been stipulated. That
is to say, in this case, it pays for the service, in addition to the
consumption. There is usually 'Bono' type solutions (with so
many kWh included) or type 'flat rate', as the case may be.
This solution can be particularly useful in very large garages.
The other alternative is that new supply with a main counter to several points of recharge. What comes to be called as a trunk installation. The main counter are derived as many counters as recharging points will be. This solution again seems more suitable for large garages, in garages where there is going to be many points of recharge, or in those who are not in the same building as the housing of the users.
What
is very complicated installation?
Until the regulations must be complied with in the
new building works does not stipulate that provision should be made for (pre),
or directly install, recharging points in the garage, and from then on all the
buildings already constructed, the installation of a charging point in a garage
may be more or less complicated.
What you need to keep in mind is that all the
costs of the installation for the user of that point of recharge, and that may
not cause damage to the facility or common elements of the building, and in the
event that something is damaged due to the installation, you must take care.
This on the other hand is all logic and common sense.
In principle, the installation is relatively
simple: there is only a cable up to the garage. In a single-phase three-wire
really talking about: phase, neutral and earth. In all cases we have stated
before, the greatest difficulty is usually to get that cable from the meter to
the garage, since the tour can be labyrinthine.
Depending on the location of the garage may be
more or less distance to travel, and more or less architectural barriers to
overcome: walls, floors, stairs, etc. If the dwelling is not very old may be
recessed electrical conductors, generously dimensioned, which can pass the
cables. You can also take advantage of the false ceilings and patinillos.
When these lines for facilities not allow having
more cables, or when they do not even exist, then there is no choice but to
make new pipelines, and very likely to be views, for its lower cost and speed
of execution. Within the garage itself that the pipes are not usually a problem
because these are now carried out as well. The problem is in other areas. We
must try to carry it concealed.
As the case may be necessary to make a hole in
something constructive to spend driving with the cable. Obviously pillars and
beams, structural elements, should not be affected (screw something to a
pillar, yes, boring a beam to pass a cable or pipe, no).
In general should not be necessary
works of masonry. With the views are typically used plastic pipes propagator of
the flame. The electrician to carry out the installation is already aware of
all the rules and knows how to do its work.
Once the cable has come to the garage, there is
placed a control and protection, with differential switch and circuit breaker
Circuit breaker, in addition to other elements if they are deemed necessary,
and the mural of recharge.
You
must choose a database mural of recharge in line with the vehicle
The wallbox can be in different ways:
for example, with a hose with cable and connector specific to the electric
vehicle that we are going to recharge (with several meters of cable length to
arrive without problems), or recharging sockets without more, one or more, with
different connectors (i.e. several 'plugs'), where you plug the
recharging cable to the vehicle. The outlets will cover, for security.
It should be borne in mind that not all electric
vehicles have the same type of charging connector. Electric motorcycles and
quadricycles typically use the connector schuko (domestic), while
electric cars, vans electric and plug-in hybrids often use the
connector Yazaki (Type 1), for example Nissan, Mitsubishi or Chevrolet
and Opel, or use the Connector Mennekes (Type 2), for example,
Renault, Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz or Tesla (not exactly a type 2, but is
also compatible)
The safety of the installation of a charging point
is more than guaranteed. Right in the shunt is placed a first system of
protection of the line in case of any problem cuts the electricity and point.
And after the mural has its own electrical protection.
In addition, the bases are designed to be
used on the outside and be resistant to splashing water. It should be borne in
mind that the own electric vehicles, charging cables and connectors are
designed to be used on the outside, exposed to the weather, even if it is
raining.
Let us not forget that he who has a charging point
in a garage space is not a major problem of safety, as in the garage as there
are electrical installation. And for the most scary it is important to remember
that the risk of fire of an electric car is less than in a conventional car of
a combustion engine (gasoline, although we do not think all day in it, it is
much more dangerous than talking to the risk of fire).
So that no other 'catch' electricity of
the charging point, that is to say that anyone other than the user can plug in
a vehicle or whatever to the point of recharge of the garage, have been thought
different locking systems, either by a key or using a RFID card.
Who is thinking of a recharging system wireless
through a system of induction, something that you can buy in some countries,
should be borne in mind that while you do not need to plug in the car with a
cable, if you will also need an electrical installation up to the garage.
A
council to end
One last piece of advice: Install a charging point
for electric vehicles is at the moment a task quite specific, and although any
electrician could do it, the experience and specialization come in handy.
In Spain, there are a number of companies
specialized in the installation of charging points, such
as Lugenergy or Ibil, although there are also some electricity
companies with advice service for it. It is a matter of doing a little research
on Google and search for. Some brands of cars are often also advise or to
facilitate the installation. There is no other that search and compare service
and price.
Article Source:
xataka.com
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Updated:
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